INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ADULT EDUCATION IN GERMANY: HISTORICAL ASPECT
Abstract
The article presents a retrospective historical and pedagogical analysis of the process of adult education institutionalization in Germany. Three stages of the formation and development of educational institutions for adult germens have been described. The peculiarities of adult education both in the public and private sectors have been determined for each stage. The differences in the process of institutionalization of both formal and non-formal adult education in Germany have been clarified for each of the stages. The dynamics of changing the forms and methods of adult education at various stages of institutionalization have been shown. The factors influencing on the process of adult education institutionalization have been described. They are: the state politics, regulatory support, production needs and influence of the scientific and technological progress, needs of the society. The first stage (XVIII century - the first half of the XIX century). The first scientific searches in the field of adult education appeared at this time. Adult education was of an educational nature. There were three main areas of adult education in Germany at the first stage: social education of adults and the imitation of aristocratic culture; general and vocational training of urban craftsmen and workers; people's education as agricultural rationalization and enlightenment of the peasantry. The second stage (the second half of the XIX and first half of the XX century). The institutionalization of adult education manifested itself very clearly. Education did not depend on age, social status and sex. Adult education was guided by the bourgeois-academic and scientific directions. Universities have promoted adult education. The third stage (the second half - the end of the twentieth century). The adult education system has been changed. A network of different types of adult education institutions has been opened. Various educational institutions provided adult education. Private education has become widespread. Adult education was carried out in different fields.
Key words: institutionalization of adult education, adult education, lifelong education, adult education institutions.
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